网络中心战条件下的导弹作战模拟研究

从网络中心战的概念入手,分析了网络中心战条件下导弹作战的概念;从导弹作战系统入手,结合网络中心作战样式,分析了网络中心战条件下导弹作战系统内部结构;从系统动力学基本原理出发,结合导弹作战的概念和结构,建立了网络中心战条件下导弹作战的系统动力学模型;从作战想定出发,突出战场制信息权的重要性,制定了作战对策,形成了导弹作战对策的结论;最后提出了加强我军导弹部队信息化建设的建议.     

Nonperiodic preventive maintenance for repairable systems

As a complex system with multiple components usually deteriorates with age, preventive maintenance (PM) is often performed to keep the system functioning in a good state to prolong its effective age. In this study, a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with a power law failure intensity is used to describe the deterioration of a repairable system, and the optimal nonperiodic PM schedule can be determined to minimize the expected total cost per unit time. However, since the determination of such optimal PM policies may involve numerous uncertainties, which typically make the analyses difficult to perform because of the scarcity of data, a Bayesian decision model, which utilizes all available information effectively, is also proposed for determining the optimal PM strategies. A numerical example with a real failure data set is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that the optimal schedules derived by Bayesian approach are relatively more conservative than that for non‐Bayesian approach because of the uncertainty of the intensity function, and if the intensity function are updated using the collected data set, which indicates more severe deterioration than the prior belief, replacing the entire system instead of frequent PM activities before serious deterioration is suggested. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

伴随函数法与最优制导律性能分析

为选择适合先进空空导弹使用的制导律,以最小能量需求和零脱靶量作为目标函数,使用最优控制理论在相应假设条件下推导得到了5种最优制导律:比例导引制导律(PN)、增强比例导引律(APN)、PN-M制导律、PN-MT0制导律和PN-MT制导律。介绍了伴随理论以及原系统变换为伴随系统的方法,建立了脱靶量伴随系统和加速度伴随系统,利用伴随函数理论对比分析了各制导律闭合回路中脱靶量和末端需用加速度随末导时间的变化规律,并使用蒙特卡洛方法结果与伴随法结果进行了对比。结果表明,伴随法结果与蒙特卡洛结果精确一致,但伴随法的效率是蒙特卡洛方法的几百倍。通过分析结果可知,PN-MT制导律的性能最优,脱靶量和末端需用加速度均为零;当末导时间足够时,PN-M制导律性能接近于PN-MT制导律;PN-MT0制导律性能优于APN和PN,但次于需求信息量更少的PN-M制导律;而未利用导弹动力学信息的PN和APN制导律末端需用加速度非常大。     

一种提高防空导弹武器系统守时精度的方法

随着现代战争逐步向以网络为中心的信息化作战的发展,为赢得战场主动权,提高信息资源的实际应用性,对作战系统内的时统提出了更高要求。剖析了系统守时误差的来源,针对以网络时码数据和准秒脉冲进行校时的系统,提出了一种提高系统守时精度的方法——误差比例修正法,该方法采用自适应修正功能,使系统在失去准秒校时后的较长时间内仍能保持一定的守时精度,并且成功在某型号防空导弹武器系统中运用,试验结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

舰载充气式角反射体反导装备发展及运用

为提高我国电子战反导水平和导弹突防能力,根据电子战反导装备发展趋势,分析舰载充气式角反射体的反导原理,介绍舰载充气式角反射体反导装备的发展情况,论证了充气式角反射体迷惑、冲淡、转移和质心式干扰的运用。对电子战反导装备的发展以及部队战法研究具有一定理论意义和参考价值。     

The impact of animal welfare regulations on firms' product offerings: Humane or organic product?

Increased public concerns about animal welfare have spurred new regulations to improve animals' treatment and living conditions. We study how these regulations affect firms' product offerings, prices, and profits. We consider two competing animal agriculture supply chains, each consisting of a supplier and a buyer. New regulations require firms to choose between offering humane or organic products, which are differentiated by animals' living conditions. We find that consumers' growing awareness of animal welfare encourages firms to offer organic products, which require the highest standards for animals' living conditions. We also show that tightening humane product standards and loosening organic product standards encourage firms to offer organic products—but with distinct pricing implications. The former leads to higher retail prices whereas the latter may lower retail prices. Depending on costs and consumers' awareness of animal welfare, a humane product may be priced higher or lower than an organic product. Furthermore, we provide conditions under which a regulator should offer a unit-cost or an investment cost subsidy to improve social welfare. We show that subsidies can encourage firms to change from offering humane to organic products, or vice versa, to enhance total social welfare.     

可压缩流大涡模拟耦合概率密度函数方法中的滤波压力模型

亚格子组分-温度关联项显著影响反应流大涡模拟精度。利用概率密度函数方法中概率等效的特点,发展一种新的滤波压力模型,可以良好封闭亚格子组分-温度关联项。介绍概率密度函数及其耦合求解方法,在已有模型基础上推导建立新的滤波压力模型,并在三维超声速氢气/空气时间发展反应混合层中对不同的滤波压力模型进行数值测试。结果表明,与传统的滤波压力模型相比,新的滤波压力模型可以明显改善反应混合层的模拟准确度。特别地,基于新的滤波压力模型,大涡模拟耦合概率密度函数方法可以较好地模拟链式反应中间微小组分如超氧化氢基等,有望更有效地再现自点火等复杂现象。     

几种带补偿功能的三光纤传感器的分析

在单光纤对光耦合模型的基础上 ,研究了三种带补偿功能的三光纤反射式位移传感器 ,建立了通用的光耦合的数学模型。仿真研究了它们的位移特性 ,并比较了它们的优缺点。研究结果表明 ,采用三光纤的光纤位移传感器不但线性范围、位移灵敏度和线性度等特性得到较好改善 ,而且可以有效地消除光源功率波动和反射面的反射率变化等因素对位移测量的影响     

氙原子在铂表面散射的分子动力论方法

运用分子动力论方法研究气体分子 (Xe)在固壁表面 (Pt)的散射。在构造了合理的气体分子与固壁表面相互作用势模型之后 ,运用随机经典轨道方法求解气体分子及固壁原子的运动方程 ,得到气体分子运动轨迹及散射后的运动状态。结果表明 ,气体分子散射后的角度分布与Maxwellian模型存在较大差异 ,而速度基本服从半空间的Maxwellian分布。     

一类不确定大系统的分散变结构模型跟随控制

针对一类具有不确定参数和外界扰动的非线性大系统 ,在子系统互连项上界具有多项式形式的条件下 ,提出了一种分散变结构模型跟随控制器设计方案。该控制器不需要未知参数变化、外界扰动以及子系统互连上界的先验信息 ,能够通过自适应率对上述信息进行在线估计。在保证闭环大系统渐近稳定的条件下 ,同时实现了各个子系统滑动模态的存在性和可达性。理论分析和仿真结果验证了本文所提方案的有效性